강동구영어 암사동영어과외 상일동영어과외 강일동영어과외 # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # 강동구수학 암사동수학과외 상일동수학과외 강일동수학과외
of Education–World Data on Education 6th Edition.55 weber.e (1976) Peasants into Frenchmen: The Modernization of Rural France, 1870-1914, Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press. west.m.r and l.woessmann (2010) “‘Every Catholic Child in a Catholic School’: Historical Resistance to State Schooling, Contemporary Private Competition and Student Achievement Across Countries,” Economic Journal 120: F229-55. wielemans.w (1991) “Comprehensive Education in Belgium: A Broken Lever?,” European Journal of Education 26: 167-78. wines.e.c (1851) “The Biblioteca Sacra and American Biblical Repository,” Volume 8. wooldridge.j.m (2010) Econometric Analysis of Cross Section and Panel Data, Mass.: MIT Press. zapf.w and p.flora (1973) “Di¤erences in Paths of Development: An Analysis for Ten Countries,” Building States and Nations 1: 161-211. 55http://www.ibe.unesco.org/en/services/online-materials/world-data-on-education/sixth-edition2006-07.html 57 Table 1: Characteristics of American-Borns and Immigrant Groups Sample period for State Descriptives: Census years prior to the introduction of compulsory schooling law Sample period for County Descriptives: 1880 (based on 100% census sample) Columns 1 to 4: Mean, overall standard deviation (SD) in parentheses, between SD in brackets, within SD in braces In Columns 5 and 6, p-values on t-tests are reported in brackets (1) American Born (2) European Born from Countries that did NOT have CSL in 1850 (3) European Born from Countries that had CSL in 1850 (4) Non-European Foreign Born (5) Test of Equality [Col 2 = Col 3] (6) Within State Test of Equality [Col 2 = Col 3] A. State Level Population (10,000s) 76.5 4.60 3.14 .862 (81.8) (9.91) (5.89) (1.75) SD Between States [70.3] [10.4] [5.36] [1.38] SD Within State (over census years) {45.1} {2.51} {2.79} {1.08} Share of Adults (aged 15+) that are Illiterate .204 .102 .046 .166 (.350) (.074) (.096) (.225) Enrolment Rate (8-14 year olds) .570 .297 .441 .331 (.245) (.326) (.328) (.368) Share Aged 0-15 .445 .081 .065 .156 (.097) (.066) (.078) (.162) Share in Labor Force .305 .585 .609 .486 (.108) (.156) (.200) (.252) Share Residing on a Farm .501 .225 .243 .261 (.189) (.180) (.238) (.274) Mean Occupational Score 18.2 21.1 22.2 19.4 (2.94) (3.90) (7.14) (7.36) B. County Level Share of County Population .894 .041 .040 .025 (.136) (.057) (.066) (.072) SD Between States [.121] [.051] [.049] [.048] SD Within State (over counties) {.085} {.041} {.043} {.061} [.333] [.011] [.188] [.378] [.300] [.160] [.008] [.345] [.011] [.016] [.335] Notes: In Panel A, the unit of observation is the state-census year. All variables are constructed from the IPUMS-USA census data using individual weights. For each state, the sample period starts from 1850 and covers all census years prior to the introduction of compulsory schooling laws. The year of passage of compulsory school attendance laws is extracted from Landes and Solomon [1972]. In Panel B, the unit of observation is the county in 1880. All variables are constructed from the IPUMS-USA 100% 1880 census sample. County populations are measured in shares. For both Panels, in Column 1, the American born are those whose recorded nativity is native born. In Column 2, the European countries defined to have had compulsory schooling laws in place in 1850 are Austria-Hungary, Denmark, Germany, Greece, Norway, Portugal and Sweden. All other European countries are included in Column 3. In the first row, populations are measured in 10,000s. Adults are defined to be aged 15 and above when defining the share of adults that are illiterate, and enrolment rates for 8-14 year olds are the share of this group that report being in school. The occupational score is a constructed variable from IPUMS-USA that assigns each occupation in all years a value representing the median total income (in hundreds of 1950 dollars) of all persons with that particular occupation in 1950. The occupational score thus provides a continuous measure of occupations, according to the economic rewards enjoyed by people working at them in 1950. Column 5 reports the p-value on a test of카테고리 없음